Лекц №9

Òýìäýãò ìºð
Òýìäýãò ìºð íü ASCII ñèñòåìýýð êîäëîãäñîí òýìäýãòèéí äàðààëàë þì.
Òýìäýãò¿¿ä íü :
¿ñýã: ABC….XYZ,abc…xyz
öèôð: 0123…9
Òóñãàé òýìäýãò: +, - ,*, / , \ , $, #
Òýìäýãò ìºð òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷ûã Ñè õýëýíä Char ò¿ëõ¿¿ð ¿ãýýð , ìàññèâ õýëáýðýýð çàðëàíà.
char a[15];
Àíõíû óòãà îëãîõ
Òýìäýãò ìºðä äàðààõ õýëáýð¿¿äýýð àíõíû óòãà îëãîæ çàðëàäàã.
char a[8]=”Tsakhim;
char name[25]=”Dorj”;
char grades[5]={‘A’,’B’,’C’,’D’,’\ 0};
Òýìäýãò ìºðèéã ãàðààñ óíøèõäàà & òýìäýãòèéã scanf-ä àøèãëàäàãã¿é.
scanf(“%s”,a);
Ó÷èð òýìäýãò ìºð íü ìàññèâ ó÷èð òýìäýãò ìºðèéí íýð íü ººðºº õàÿã áàéäàã. Èéìýýñ õàÿã àâàõ ¿éëäýë øààðäëàãàã¿é.

Èëýðõèéëýëä àøèãëàõ

-Òýìäýãò ìºð òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷äûã øóóä èëýðõèéëýëä îðîëöóóëàõ áîëîìæã¿é.
-ººðººð õýëáýë òýìäýãò ìºð òºðºë íü îëîí ýëåìåíòýýñ á¿ðäýõ íèéëìýë òºðºë ó÷èð 1 ýëåìåíò íü ë èëýðõèéëýëä îðîëöîõîîñ áèø á¿õëýýðýý á¿õëýýðýý èëýðõèéëýëä îðîëöäîãã¿é.
-èéìä ¿éëäë¿¿ä íü áîëîìæã¿é ¿éëäë¿¿ä þì.
char a[15];
a=”Hello!!! ”; a=a+”world”;
-èéìä ýäãýýð ¿éëäë¿¿äèéã ôóíêöýýð ã¿éöýòãýäýã.

Òýìäýãò ìºðä óòãà îëãîõ
Strcpy () ôóíêö
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð: char*strcpy (char*s1, const char*s2); /*S2 òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óòãûã S1 òýìäýãò ìºðò îëãîõ */

#include
char str[ ]=”Ñåìèñòð 1”, str [ ]= ”Ñåìèñòð 2 ”;
main( )
{ strcpy(str , str 1); /*str=str1*/
printf(“Òýìäýãò ìºð =%s\n”, str);
}
¯ð ä¿í: Ñåìèñòð 2

Òýìäýãò ìºð¿¿äèéã çàëãàõ strcat ôóíêö

Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð: char strcat (char S1, const char*S2);
include
char str [100], str [100];
main()
{ printf(“str=”); scanf(“%s”,&str); /*ñåìèñòð 1*/
strcat(str ,”õàâàð”); /* S1=S1+S2 */
printf(“%s \n”,str);
} ¯ð ä¿í: Ñåìèñòð õàâàð .

Òýìäýãò ìºð õàðüöóóëàõ strcmp ôóíêö
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð: int strcmp (const char* S1, const char*S2);
Õýðýâ áóöààõ óòãà íü :
==0 áîë S1==S2 (òýíö¿¿)
>0 áîë S1>S2 (S1 íü èõ)
<0 áîë S1…
i=strcmp(“ààð ”,”ààñ”);
if(I==0) printf(“Òýìäýãò ìºð¿¿ä èæèë ”);
else() if(i>=0) printf(“ \’ààð \’ íü èõ áàéíà ”);
printf(“ \’ààc \’ íü èõ áàéíà ”);
…
Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðòûã òîäîðõîéëîõ strlen ôóíêö
Áè÷èãäýõ õýëáýð: int strlen (char*s);
Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðòûã òîîöîõäîî òºãñãºëèéí “ \0 ”òýìäýãòèéã òîîöîõã¿é.
#include
char str[ ]=”Ñåìèñòð õàâàð ”; int count;
main()
{ count=strlen(str);
printf(“Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðò =%d”, count);
} ¿ð ä¿í: Òýìäýãò ìºðèéí óðò 13
Á¿òýö òºðºë
Á¿òýö òºðºë íü óòãûí õóâüä õîîðîíäîî óÿëäàà õîëáîîòîé îëîí òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷ûí îëîãëîãîîñ òîãòîõ íèéëìýë òºðºë. Á¿òýö ãýæ íýðëýãäýõ ºãºãäëèéí õýëáýð íü ÿíç á¿ðèéí òºðºëòýé ºãºãäë¿¿äèéã õàìòàòãàí òîäîðõîéëæ øèíý òºðëèéã ¿¿ñãýõýä õýðýãëýãäýíý.
Òîäîðõîéëîõ õýëáýð íü :
struct[<Á¿òöèéí íýð >] {
[<òºðºë 1><õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð 1>]
[<òºðºë 2><õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð 2>]
[<òºðºë 3><õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð 3>]
…
[<òºðºë n><õóâüñàã÷èéí íýð n>]
Îþóòíû ìýäýýëýë õàäãàëàõ á¿òýö ¿¿ñãýõ æèøýý àâ÷ ¿çüå.
struct student {
char name [20];
int age;
float GPA;
}
Á¿òöýä àãóóëàãäàõ õóâüñàã÷äûã á¿òöèéí ãèø¿¿í ãýíý.
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàõ :

struct<á¿òöèéí íýð > <õóâüñàã÷ûí íýð >;

æèøýý íü :

struct student sum ;



Çàðëàëò 2
struct student { char name[15];
int age;
} sum;
Çàðëàëò 3
Struct { char name [15];
int age;
} sum;
Àíõíû óòãà îëãîõ
Á¿òýö òºðëèéí õóâüñàã÷èä äàðààõ õýëáýðýýð àíõíû óòãà îëãîíî.
struct student sum={ “Bat”,15};
struct student {
char name[20];
int age;
} sum={”Bold”,20};
Á¿òöèéí ãèø¿¿í ýëåìåíòýää õàíäàõ
Á¿òýö äîòîðõ ýëåìåíòýä õàíäàõûí òóëä òýìäãèéí õýðýãëýíý.
sum.age=18;
sum.GPA=3.0;
printf(“Name:%s”,sum.name);
printf(“Name:%d”,sum.age);
printf(“Name:%f”,sum.gpa);
Á¿òýö òºðºëòýé ìàññèâ
Á¿òýö òºðºëòýé ìàññèâûã çàðëàõ õýëáýð:
struct<Á¿òýö òºðºë><ìàññèâûí íýð>[õýìæýý];
struct student {
char name[20];
int grade;
}; -Á¿òýö òºð뺺 òîäîðõîéëîõ
srtuct student sw323[50]-ìàññèâàà çàðëàõ
Á¿òýö òºðºëòýé ìàññèâûí ýëåìåíòýä õàíäàõ:
Sw323[0].name sw323[0].grade
……………… ………………..
Sw323[50].name sw323[50].grade
Æèøýý:
include
struct student {
char name [20];
int age;
float GPA;
};
struct student Who; /*Õóâüñàã÷ çàðëàõ*/
int i,j;
main()
{ printf(“Îþóòíû íýð:”); scanf(“%s”,Who.name);
printf(“Îþóòíû íàñ:”); scanf(“%d”,&Who.age);
printf(“Îþóòíû ä¿í:”); scanf(“%f”, &Who.GPA);
printf(“Îþóòíû íýð:%s\n”,Who.name);
printf(“Îþóòíû íàñ:%d\n”,Who.age);
printf(“Îþóòíû ä¿í:%f”,Who.GPA);
}